If you don’t have the employee’s W-4, our calculator will fill in tax rates to create an estimated paycheck. When you use the redesigned Form W-4, your withholding is based on your expected filing status and standard deduction for the year. If you are salaried, your annual salary will be your gross income. If you are paid hourly, you must multiple the hours, days and weeks.
Gross-Up Paycheck Calculator: Federal, State and Local taxes
Employers are responsible for withholding payroll taxes from employee wages and making additional employer-paid contributions. For employers, accurately calculating and withholding payroll taxes is necessary for a few reasons. It helps provide a full view on the cost of your employees, and intuit paycheck calculator is critical for legal compliance and efficient payroll management.
Calculate your paycheck in 6 steps
So any income you earn above that cap doesn’t have Social Security taxes withheld from it. If the idea of a big one-off bill from the IRS scares you, then you can err on the side of caution and adjust your withholding. Each of your paychecks may be smaller, but you’re more likely to get a tax refund and less likely to have tax liability when you fill out your tax return.
Tax calculators
Bonuses are taxed either by using the percentage method or the aggregate method. PaycheckCity has both percentage and aggregate bonus free calculators. Select your state from the list below to see its salary employee calculator.
If you are paid hourly, you must multiple the hours, days and weeks.
However if you do need to update it for any reason, you must now use the new Form W-4.
The W-4 Form is an IRS form that you complete for your employer to elect how much money to withhold from your paycheck for federal taxes.
Some states, such as Texas and Florida, do not impose state income tax, while others require employers to withhold a percentage of wages based on state-specific tax tables.
Select your state from the list below to see its gross-up calculator.
Choose how often you are paid (weekly, bi-weekly, monthly, etc.).
TaxCaster Tax Calculator
They are always federally taxed, no matter which tax bracket you’re in.
The money for these accounts comes out of your wages after income tax has already been applied.
This includes Social Security, Medicare, and unemployment insurance.
Fundamental property tax concepts you should be aware of that can help you calculate your property taxes.
Depending on your employer, updates to your W-4 could take a few weeks to be reflected on your paycheck.
Employers use this form to determine the correct amount of federal income tax to deduct from each paycheck.
There is an additional tax (surprise!) before the final step. Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA) is the payroll tax taken directly from your paycheck. The self-employed are taxed twice as much as regular employees. For example, if you pay any amount toward your employer-sponsored health insurance coverage, that amount is deducted from your paycheck. When you enroll in your company’s health plan, you can see the amount that is deducted from each paycheck. Once you’ve inputted all of the needed information, select Finish to see an estimate of your employee’s earnings for the given pay period.
To try it out, enter the worker’s details in the payroll calculator and select the hourly pay rate option. Then enter the number of hours worked and the employee’s hourly rate. Input additional payments like overtime, bonuses, or commissions. Then use the employee’s Form W-4 to fill in their state and federal tax information.
Benefits of Using a Payroll Calculator
The federal tax withholding calculator, or W-4 calculator, helps you determine how much federal income tax should be withheld from your pay. It considers your filing status, income, dependents, and more to estimate your yearly tax and suggest W-4 allowances. Adjusting these allowances can influence your paycheck’s tax withholding to closely match your actual tax liability. Remember, the federal withholding calculator is a helpful tool, but it’s an estimate. Do you take a do-it-yourself (DIY) approach to small business payroll? If so, it’s helpful to have various free payroll estimator tools at your disposal.
It is not known for certain why some people experience sinus congestion after drinking red wine, but it is believed to be due to a combination of factors. Some people may be more sensitive to the histamines in red wine than others, which can lead to inflammation in the nose and sinus cavities. Additionally, dehydration caused by alcohol consumption can also contribute to sinus congestion. Wine and other alcoholic beverages are generally not considered as potential allergens, so if you think you may have an allergy to wine, it is important to get a proper diagnosis. During the skin prick test, drops of wine are placed on the back of your forearm and the skin is pricked through the liquid. If you experience a localized reaction, such as redness or hives, then it can be concluded that an allergy to wine exists.
Firstly, some people have lower levels of the enzymes required to break down alcohol, leading to a buildup of byproducts that can trigger a mild allergic reaction. Secondly, beer contains histamine, a compound that elicits an allergic response, as well as sulfites, which are common allergens. It is important to note that beer sneezes are not a reliable indicator of intoxication and that an allergic reaction to beer, while rare, can be life-threatening.
Feel like you should be drinking less? Start here
These reactions may cause inflammation of the skin, throat and airways, leading to difficulty breathing. Finally, sulfite-induced reactions occur when an individual is sensitive to the sulfur dioxide used during wine production as a preservative. Symptoms of this type of reaction may include headaches, skin rash and nausea. Yes, certain ingredients in alcoholic beverages, such as sulfites in wine or hops in beer, can be more likely to induce sneezing in susceptible individuals. While it may be more common than you think, it can be a sign of a mild allergic Alcoholics Anonymous reaction to alcohol.
Are there any home remedies to alleviate alcohol-induced sneezing?
If you have an allergy, your immune system over-reacts to contact with a trigger or “allergen.” If you have an alcohol allergy, your immune system treats alcohol as a threat. Those “beer sneezes” do not mean you are officially drunk any more than the lack of sneezes mean you are okay to drive. Problems in the immune system cause an alcohol allergy to develop, while genetic problems in the digestive system tend to cause alcohol intolerance. These problems make it difficult for the body to break down alcohol properly. Sunset Alcohol Flush Support is a natural supplement that works specifically to reduce all of these symptoms, including a stuffy nose after drinking alcohol. Sunset works with the body to break down alcohol quickly and effectively, so you don’t experience the negative symptoms.
For these reasons, it is important for winemakers to be aware of the possible effects that histamines may have on some people.
He adds that the chances of having an adverse reaction to those foods or drinks is one out of every hundred.
If you experience this particular symptom, it’s important to seek medical advice before drinking alcohol again.
Anton emphasizes that exercise doesn’t necessarily have a direct effect on how alcohol is metabolized, so it shouldn’t be an excuse to start drinking.
If you have ever experienced swelling of the tongue or throat, or trouble breathing after drinking beer, it is advised to stop drinking beer until you have seen a doctor.
Does Drinking Alcohol Cause Nasal Congestion?
Some individuals may have a genetic predisposition that makes them more prone to sneezing after consuming alcohol. While further research is needed to fully understand the genetic factors involved, studies have suggested a possible link between certain genes and alcohol-induced sneezing. The condition is caused by inheriting a gene that affects how alcohol is broken down by the body. The most common cause is ALDH2 deficiency, which results in decreased levels of aldehyde dehydrogenase, the enzyme responsible for breaking down acetaldehyde.
If you have an intolerance or sensitivity to any of these ingredients, you’ll likely react to drinking beer. Now that you know the causes of stuffy nose on drinking alcohol, you need to be aware of the possible treatment options to get rid of the stuffy nose. Some allergies develop over time and when it comes to alcohol, few things are bound to occur. While talking about the consumption of alcohol, you need to watch out for the gradual development of the nasal infections. Initially, it may not bother much, but eventually the nasal mucus can get thicker, causing more problems.
Awareness & Prevention
These reactions may cause inflammation of the skin, throat and airways, leading to difficulty breathing.
Tannins are natural compounds found in many plants, including the skins, seeds, and stems of grapes.
While the body naturally produces histamine, we also consume it through food and drinks that are rich in histamines, including cheese, wine, meats, fish, and fermented foods.
As such, a person who is allergic to red wine should avoid it altogether and seek medical advice if symptoms persist.
Additionally, alcohol can cause a histamine reaction, triggered by the body’s immune system when it comes into contact with the allergen.
For example, nondrinkers may have had greater mortality simply because they were more likely to be poor or to have recently quit drinking for health reasons. Moderate drinkers, on the other hand, tend to exercise regularly, sleep more and have healthier habits in general, which could help explain their lower death rate. Heavy drinking can also cause problems well beyond the health of the drinker — it can damage important relationships. It’s all too common that problem drinking disrupts bonds with a spouse, family members, friends, coworkers, or employers.
Studies show that red and white wine are more likely to create nasal congestion symptoms, so avoiding this type of alcohol may help. As the exact cause of alcohol-induced sneezing is not fully understood, there is no foolproof way to prevent it. Alcohol can worsen your difficulty breathing through your nose, so it’s important to be mindful of how much you consume. If drinking alcohol is unavoidable, try to limit your intake of low-alcohol beverages such as beer or wine. Red wine should be consumed in moderation – no more than one glass per day and avoid eating on an empty stomach.
According to experts, that awful feeling after drinking may not always be due to overindulgence—it could be alcohol intolerance or even an allergy. If you react to the tannins in red wine, then you might find it easier on your system to choose white and sparkling wines. Some people are super sensitive to all wines and get on better with another low-tannin alcohol such as gin, vodka, rum, or tequila.
If you experience sudden sneezing after consuming these beverages, it may be an indication of histamine intolerance. The key to managing histamine intolerance is to recognize which foods and drinks are high in histamine levels and avoid them. Incomplete absorption of alcohol by the body could be one reason why you get stuffy nose on drinking alcohol.
An alcohol intolerance, or ingredients like histamines in alcohol cause an allergy-like reaction in drinkers, swelling the the mucosal membranes in the nasal passages and airways. Avoiding problematic ingredients or taking a supplement to reduce acetaldehyde buildup and intolerance symptoms can help prevent nasal congestion from drinking. Research shows that around 8% of people experience symptoms like nasal congestion, flushed skin, or even headaches while drinking wine. If any of this sounds familiar to you, you might be sensitive to one of wine’s many components.
Wine contains tannins (which are found in the skin of grapes) which many people react negatively to, including experiencing diarrhea. https://thecinnamonhollow.com/a-guide-to-sober-house-rules-what-you-need-to-know/ However, if you notice an escalation in symptoms or the development of new respiratory issues, it is advisable to consult a medical professional. While alcohol content does not directly cause sneezing, it can contribute to nasal congestion or irritation, potentially triggering sneezing in some individuals. Another reason why alcohol can cause wheezing is that it not only contains histamines but also stimulates the body to release excess histamines, causing an inflammatory response. When this inflammation occurs in the airway, patients can experience wheezing and shortness of breath.
Are you wondering whether your Sober Houses Rules That You Should Follow drinking is on the high side of normal or if it’s crossed the line into a problem? If any of the following scenarios seem familar, it might be time to make some changes. If you get gustatory rhinitis, there are many treatments and management methods to choose from. If drinking from a glass makes you sneeze, try drinking through a straw instead. This will help reduce your nose’s contact with the drink and make it less likely to trigger a sneeze. If you find that warm drinks make you sneeze, try chilling them before you drink them.
Listen to your body
It appears to be a unique reaction experienced by individuals based on their own sensitivities. Many people are familiar with common side effects of alcohol, including lowered inhibitions, euphoria (i.e., feeling “tipsy”), decreased coordination, and hangovers. However, alcohol can also have effects with which many people may not be familiar.
Этот брокер является идеальным выбором для опытных трейдеров, которые ищут брокера со множеством расширенных функций. CapitalProf – это брокер, который подойдет как начинающим, так и опытным трейдерам. Надежность, широкий выбор инструментов, удобные платформы – все это делает его одним из лучших вариантов на рынке. Если вы хотите начать зарабатывать на финансовых рынках, CapitalProf – отличный выбор. CapitalProf предлагает несколько торговых платформ, что позволяет вам выбрать ту, которая лучше всего соответствует вашим потребностям. Как уже упоминалось, все они доступны как на настольных, так и на мобильных устройствах, что позволяет легко торговать на ходу.
Дополнительные инструменты и возможности для трейдеров
Клиенты могут выбирать из различных типов торговых счетов и платформ для торговли, а также имеют доступ к дополнительным инструментам и возможностям. Трейдеры Forex работают в привлекательной торговой среде, а большой выбор активов по восьми категориям позволяет должным образом диверсифицировать портфель. Независимо от того, начинает ли новый трейдер свой первый торговый счет, или опытный профессионал управляет множеством портфелей, CapitalProf готов обслуживать весь спектр. Как следует из названия, автоматическая торговля занимает ключевое место в деятельности этого международного брокера. Оно известно, в частности, своими передовыми торговыми платформами, а также обширными исследовательскими инструментами.
Вы можете торговать валютами, акциями, криптовалютами, индексами и даже фьючерсами. В таблице 1 демонстрируется ряд средних значений спреда для основных валютных пар. В разделе «Советники» нужно выбрать нужный и, удержав его название левой кнопки мыши – перетянуть в рабочую зону capitalprof официальный сайт на график актива, с которым планируется работа. В окне навигатора размещается информация обо всех продуктах, которые установлены в терминале.
CapitalProf — это признанный брокер, который предлагает большой спектр активов на надежных торговых платформах, кэпиталпроф регистрация включая MT4 и R Trader. Компания также регулируется и защищает от отрицательного баланса, добавляя трейдерам дополнительный уровень уверенности и безопасности. В целом это хороший брокер для всех уровней, но его ECN-счета с нулевым спредом и платформы RAMM будут особенно привлекательными для профессиональных трейдеров. CapitalProf Ltd предоставляет широкий спектр услуг, включая торговлю на Forex, акциях, индексах, сырьевых товарах. Компания также предлагает обучающие материалы и ресурсы, чтобы помочь трейдерам улучшить свои навыки и достичь больших успехов в торговле. Это еще один очень известный брокер с отличной репутацией в торговой индустрии.
Он также предлагает несколько вариантов вывода средств, включая кредитные и дебетовые карты, банковские переводы и электронные кошельки.
После этого трейдеры должны переключиться на опционы на реальные деньги.
Выбор вида определяется личным восприятием трейдера и удобством поиска сигналов по применяемой торговой стратегии.
Форекс-пары, криптовалюты и CFD являются сложными инструментами и сопряжены с высоким риском потери денег.
CapitalProf для начинающих
Комиссионные за вывод финансов варьируется, но составляет от 0,5% до 2,8%. Группа предлагает программу бесплатного вывода средств, которая позволяет снимать средства дважды в месяц без комиссии. Через него брокер предоставляет трейдерам котировки без задержек, корректно отображает торговую историю и позволяет торговать на счете любого типа. Чтобы воспользоваться функциональными возможностями торговой площадки МТ4 нужно скачать программный файл с официального сайта CapitalProf. Для этого нужно авторизоваться на портале и из личного кабинета перейти в раздел «Помощь» и в открывшемся меню выбрать нужную программу. Чтобы получить возможность пользоваться четвертой версией метатрейдера нужно кликнуть по кнопке скачать МТ4 в первой колонке меню.
CapitalProf предлагает доступ ко многим торговым инструментам и ресурсам, включая инструменты построения графиков и технические индикаторы. Эти варианты идеально подходят для всех уровней, поскольку помогают вам принимать обоснованные решения с большей уверенностью. Вы также можете быть впереди толпы, поскольку markets постоянно меняется и меняется. В мобильном приложении CapitalProf Ltd корректно работают все виды счетов – Ecn, стандартные, партнерские и демонстрационные. Через него можно торговать на счетах с бонусными средствами, полученными за разные действия трейдера, в том числе за пополнение баланса. Программа поддерживает опцию подключения к платформе копирования сделок CopyFX.
CapitalProf предлагает стабильно низкие спреды и комиссии, что является основным преимуществом для трейдера любого уровня. Вы также можете выбрать один из различных типов учетных записей и найти тот, который идеально соответствует вашим потребностям. Доступно 13 способов вывода средств, хотя они могут варьироваться в зависимости от вашей юрисдикции. Время вывода для большинства методов составляет всего 1 день, что высоко оценивается в отзывах клиентов в 2020 году.
Які ринки доступні?
Чтобы запустить советника в брокерской компании CapitalProf, его нужно скачать и интегрировать в МетаТрейдер. Для этого файл с установочным файлом следует разархивировать и компоненты и разместить их в папки с соответствующим расширением. Для этого из торгового терминала следует перейти в каталог данных, предварительно активировав меню «Файл». Альтернативным вариантом оформления рабочего пространства является перетягивание символа из обзора рынка в центральную часть терминала.
Гаманець CapitalProf
Обработка большей части опций происходит мгновенно, но банковские переводы могут занять до пяти рабочих дней. CapitalProf является лидером среди всех брокеров, когда дело доходит до выбора управления депозитами и выводом. Различные способы оплаты сохраняют лимиты на ввод и вывод средств, но они достаточно высоки, чтобы большинству трейдеров это не причиняло никаких неудобств. Трейдерам, заинтересованным в большом количестве активов и ищущим лучший торговый опыт, предлагаемый в CapitalProf, рекомендуется использовать R Trader.
Основанная в 2009 году компания CapitalProf изначально базировалась в Новой Зеландии, однако в 2014 году она перенесла свою деятельность в Белиз. Благодаря своим многочисленным функциям и надежности она считается одним из лучших брокеров в мире. Очень часто, когда кто-то начинает заниматься этим бизнесом, возникают сомнения и страхи в искусстве разумного инвестирования. Если скачать и инсталлировать мобильное приложение, то его функционал также позволяет быть уведомленным о последних событиях, о которых брокер сообщает по почте. Через этот канал обратной связи можно связаться с менеджером, обратившись к нему в письме. Те трейдеры, которые не готовы приступить к самостоятельной торговле, могут воспользоваться сервисом копирования CopyFX.
Условия торговли на CapitalProf
Все платформы доступны на настольных и мобильных устройствах, как на iOS, так и на Android. Предлагается 5 основных аккаунтов с разными вариантами доступа к активам, условиям торгов и спредам. CapitalProf рекомендует протестировать площадку на демо-счету, который предоставляет доступ к тем же инструментам, что и реальные счета. Новички могут воспользоваться обучающими материалами и ресурсами, а также выбрать подходящий тип торгового счета.
Однако доступный диапазон достаточен как для начинающих, так и для опытных брокеров. Поэтому, прежде чем торговать с CapitalProf, обратитесь в службу поддержки брокера, чтобы узнать комиссию за снятие средств для выбранного вами метода вывода. Вы также можете прочитать наш обзор Robo Forex выше, чтобы получить брокер ценную информацию об этом брокере. Какую бы сумму денег вы ни выбрали для вывода, вы не будете платить за нее никакой комиссии. Кроме того, CapitalProf предлагает быстрый вывод средств, поэтому ваши деньги быстрее окажутся в вашем банке.
She enjoys playing board games and having home karaoke nights with her friends. Karlie says the best advice ever received is to not fall in love with potential. Originally from Chino Hills, California, Chanel began her education at Gonzaga University, majoring in Psychology and minoring in Philosophy. She continued her education at the University of Denver and earned a master’s in clinical mental health counseling.
You might feel a strong sense of confusion, as if you’re in a fog and can’t think clearly. Everything around you might seem blurry or distant, and it may become hard to rohypnol symptoms next day focus on what’s happening. The effects of being roofied can be dangerous and need to be addressed immediately. The symptoms of being roofied affect both your body and mind, often worsening as the drug takes effect.
What Are Roofied Drinks?
Try to stay around as many people as possible until help arrives, and drink as much water as you can to help flush the drug from your system.
Today, someone who says they were “roofied” could have had their drink contaminated with any number of substances.
Her expertise encompasses group and individual work, with a particular focus on trauma.
While these symptoms closely resemble the effects of a hangover from alcohol, many victims do not identify that they have been raped.
If such symptoms continue, don’t just chalk them up as minor lapses in concentration. This unexplained lack of recall could hint at a more grave issue – possible exposure to drugs like Rohypnol. Another troubling symptom is the confusion that lingers into the next day. You might struggle to remember what happened the night before, and the gaps in your memory can be distressing. This confusion can make it difficult to focus or go about your normal activities.
Since that date, Rohypnol has been an identifiable oblong olive-green tablet, instead of a more nondescript round white one. Rohypnol also now has a speckled blue core that will dissolve in a light-colored drink and warn the victim by turning dyeing their drink bright blue. These precautions are why most stories about date rape via Rohypnol today are more apocryphal, rather than actual. In reality, most sexual assaults take place because of excessive intoxication from alcohol or other drugs. It is important to note, however, that generic versions of flunitrazepam are not made with these assault-deterrent features. A larger danger may be from drug-facilitated theft – victims are Rob while heavily sedated by Rohypnol and similar drugs.
If you suspect that your drink has been spiked, let someone know immediately and get somewhere safe with people you trust. It is also important to notify workers or managers if you are in a club or bar so that they can take proper action. If someone has been roofied, they should get medical care to be monitored to make sure they are okay.
Since the drug affects your muscles and how they respond, you might not be able to breathe well, especially in crowded places. But, again, this can be the excuse your assaulter will use to get you out. Many people who have been roofied reported that they felt like their bodies weren’t responding to them.
How to Avoid Being Roofied?
Below we look at the meaning of being roofied, how long before roofies take effect, the symptoms of being roofied, how to stay safe, and what to do if you think you or a friend have been spiked. Originally from Nashville, TN, Jordan moved to Colorado with her family at age five. She has worked in behavioral health since graduating with her bachelor’s degree in 2019. Jordan developed her clinical approach in various inpatient, hospital, outpatient, and private practice settings. Jordan continued her studies and earned a master’s in clinical and mental health counseling. Between post-graduate work and additional training courses, she honed her skills in treating first responders and military personnel from a trauma-informed perspective.
If you think you or a friend has been spiked, it is important to call the police or go to the hospital. Roofied drug tests, such as urine tests and hair tests may be done to detect drugs like GHB or Rohypnol. Roofies typically take around 20 minutes to kick in, and side effects can last up to 12 hours. Sometimes, a bitter or salty taste to your drink can be a sign that someone has added something to your drink without your consent. It is also important to go out with people you trust and ensure everyone looks out for each other.
If you suspect that you have been roofied, it is crucial to take immediate action to ensure your safety and well-being. Reporting the incident to the authorities and seeking medical attention are essential steps to take in such situations. Additionally, documenting the details of the incident is important for future reference and potential legal proceedings. Understanding the dangers of being roofied and being able to identify the symptoms is crucial for personal safety.
When someone suspects they’ve been roofied with Rohypnol, getting professional help immediately should be paramount.
Among these, slurred speech is quite common and significantly noticeable.
Talk to someone, whether it is a friend, family member, healthcare provider, therapist, or anyone else you trust.
During grad school, she treated clients involved in the legal system as well as at a detox facility.
Do You Feel Hungover After Being Roofied?
The FHE Health team is committed to providing accurate information that adheres to the highest standards of writing. This is part of our ongoing commitment to ensure FHE Health is trusted as a leader in mental health and addiction care. If you’re not sure whether you were sexually assaulted, a medical examination can help determine if that occurred. Taking pregnancy prevention medication is usually advised in this scenario, and hospital staff can use a rape kit that can help prove the guilt of the person who assaulted you. Don’t shower or bathe until prior to going to the hospital, as it could destroy evidence.
Whether you need Substance Abuse Treatment, Drug Rehab Treatment, or trauma-informed care, our programs are tailored to meet your unique needs. One telltale sign of being drugged with Rohypnol is difficulty remembering recent events. Accompanying the mental haze are often physical symptoms such as dizziness and nausea, which may not be immediately apparent but become increasingly noticeable. These signs are not always immediately evident but become increasingly prominent over time. When identifying signs of being roofied with Rohypnol, nausea and vomiting can serve as crucial indicators. This powerful sedative can throw your body’s usual operations off balance, resulting in queasiness and digestive issues.
And, depending on your health insurance, some insurers will cover toxicology screening only in specific instances, such as in the case of a suspected sexual assault. Remember, you are not alone—there are numerous resources and support systems available, including the national sexual assault hotline and local treatment centers. This article explains roofie symptoms and effects, and discusses how it can be used or abused.
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These symptoms can last long after the physical effects of the drink wear off and make it difficult to function in their daily life. When a person is sexually assaulted, it can impact their whole life, including their mental health, physical health, and well-being. Roofies affect each person differently, especially if they have alcohol or other drugs in their system. This is why it is critical to consult medical professionals to make sure there is nothing that can cause long-term harm still in the victim’s system.
Why Is Rohypnol Called the “Date Rape” Drug?
It’s a liquid that has no color or smell, making it easy to slip into a drink without being noticed. Several drugs can be used to roofie someone, and they all have similar effects that make a person vulnerable. After the side effects of the drug have worn off, people usually struggle to recall the details of what happened. Some of them will also completely block out the memory because of the shock, although a medical examiner can still detect the signs of physical assault.
What drugs are used to spike drinks?
You’ve probably seen the headlines—drink spiking is an all-too-frequent occurrence in Boston. That’s part of the reason sharing your experience can be so powerful. The culture of silence around date rape drugs, Dr. Albers explains, makes this kind of crime easier to pull off. But there are protective measures you, your friends and the places you go can take to (1) reduce the likelihood of being dosed and (2) feel more confident when you’re out on the town. Whether you decide to undergo an exam or not, be sure to talk to your healthcare provider about emergency contraception, STI testing and post-exposure prophylaxis.